Washington – President Donald Trump signed the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026 on September 18, 2026, giving the administration expanded authority to penalise nations that continue to import Russian energy.

Up to 100% Tariff Authority

The centerpiece of the legislation permits the president to impose import duties of up to 100 % on goods originating from any country identified as a top‑five buyer of Russian crude oil or natural gas during the preceding twelve‑month period.

India and China, as the two biggest purchasers, are explicitly mentioned, but the statute does not automatically trigger a full‑scale tariff against them. The final decision – and the exact rate – remains at the president’s discretion.

Potential Gas‑Import Exemption

A separate clause offers relief for nations whose Russian gas purchases make up less than 15 % of Russia’s total gas exports and that have demonstrably reduced those imports. Such countries could be spared the gas‑related tariff component.

The act also authorises the president to waive specific sanctions when deemed appropriate.

Targeting Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’

The bill widens the scope of existing measures to cover individuals and entities tied to Russia’s so‑called “shadow fleet” – a web of vessels and operators accused of ferrying Russian energy while sidestepping international bans.

Companies linked to the Russian defence sector or involved in sanctions‑evasion activities may now face additional restrictions under the expanded framework.

Implementation Timeline

Effective within 30 days of Trump’s signature, the law is poised to reshape trade dynamics for any country that maintains sizable imports of Russian oil or gas.

The new tariff powers give Washington a stronger bargaining chip, while the broadened sanctions net tightens pressure on Russia’s energy and defence networks.